Week - Wikipedia. An Italian cameo bracelet representing the days of the week by their eponymous deities (mid- 1. Walters Art Museum). Circular diagrams showing the division of the day and of the week, from a Carolingian ms. Emmeram Abbey. The week is divided into seven days, and each day into 9. A week is a time unit equal to seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world, mostly alongside—although not strictly part of—the Gregorian calendar.
The days of the week were named after the classical planets (derived from the astrological system of planetary hours) in the Roman era. In English, the names are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. ISO 8. 60. 1 includes the ISO week date system, a numbering system for weeks within a given year – each week begins on a Monday and is associated with the year that contains that week's Thursday (so that if a year starts in a long weekend Friday–Sunday, week number one of the year will start after that). ISO 8. 60. 1 assigns numbers to the days of the week, running from 1 to 7 for Monday through to Sunday. The term . The Germanic word probably had a wider meaning prior to the adoption of the Roman calendar, perhaps . The archaismsennight (. The obsolete septimane is cognate with the Romance terms derived from Latinseptimana (.
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Chinese has . There are exactly 2. Gregorian years, so 1 August 1. Tuesday just like 1 August 2. Relative to the path of the Moon, a week is 2. Historically, the system of Dominical letters (letters A to G identifying the weekday of the first day of a given year) has been used to facilitate calculation of the day of week.
The day of the week can be easily calculated given a date's Julian day number (JD, i. Calculating (2. 45. Tuesday.). This naming system persisted alongside an . The Greco- Roman gods associated with the classical planets were rendered in their interpretatio germanica at some point during the late Roman Empire, yielding the Germanic tradition of names based on indigenous deities.
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The ordering of the weekday names is not the classical order of the planets (by distance in the planetary spheres model, or, equivalently, by their apparent speed of movement in the night sky). Instead, the planetary hours systems resulted in succeeding days being named for planets that are three places apart in their traditional listing. This characteristic was apparently discussed in Plutarch in a treatise written in c. AD 1. 00, which is reported to have addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?
This model also seems to have influenced (presumably via Gothic) the designation of Wednesday as . Old Church Slavonic may have also modeled the name of Monday, . Tigay and others claimed that the sabbath is mentioned as a day of rest in some of the earliest layers of the Pentateuch dated to the 9th century BC at the latest, centuries before Judea's Babylonian exile. They also find the resemblance between the biblical Sabbath and the Babylonian system weak. Therefore they suggested that the seven- day week may reflect an independent Israelite tradition.
This leads to the conclusion that the Sabbatical week, which is as unique to Israel as the Sabbath from which it flows, is an independent Israelite creation. However the designation of the seven days of the week to the seven planets is an innovation introduced in the time of Augustus. The seven day cycle ultimately replaced the older Roman system of the nundinal cycle, probably during the 4th century. Ancient Near East. In the flood story of the Assyro- Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh the storm lasts for seven days, the dove is sent out after seven days, and the Noah- like character of Utnapishtim leaves the ark seven days after it reaches firm ground.
George Aaron Barton speculated that the seven- day creation account of Genesis is connected to the Babylonian creation epic, En. On these days, officials were prohibited from various activities and common men were forbidden to . The Sumerian term has been reconstructed as rendered Sapattum or Sabattum in Babylonian, possibly present in the lost fifth tablet of the En. Senn in his book Christian Liturgy: Catholic and Evangelical points to data suggesting evidence of an early continuous use of a seven- day week; referring to the Jews during the Babylonian Captivity in the 6th century BC. While the seven- day week in Judaism is tied to Creation account in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible (where God creates the heavens and the earth in six days and rests on the seventh; Genesis 1: 1–2: 3, in the Book of Exodus, the fourth of the Ten Commandments is to rest on the seventh day, Shabbat, which can be seen as implying a socially instituted seven- day week), it is not clear whether the Genesis narrative predates the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews in the 6th century BC. At least since the Second Temple period under Persian rule, Judaism relied on the seven- day cycle of recurring Sabbaths. Jesus's parable of the Pharisee and the Publican (Luke 1.
Pharisee as fasting . For a while, the week and the nundinal cycle coexisted, but by the time the week was officially adopted by Constantine in AD 3. The association of the days of the week with the Sun, the Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye dates to the Roman era (2nd century). According to the currently- used Julian calendar, 6 February 6.
Wednesday. This is explained by the existence of two conventions of naming days of the weeks based on the planetary hours system: 6 February was a . Surviving diaries of the Japanese statesman Fujiwara Michinaga show the seven- day system in use in Heian Japan as early as 1. In Japan, the seven- day system was kept in use for astrological purposes until its promotion to a full- fledged Western- style calendrical basis during the Meiji era. The seven- day week was known in India by the 6th century, referenced in the Pa. Shashi (2. 00. 0) mentions the Garga Samhita, which he places in the 1st century BC or AD, as a possible earlier reference to a seven- day week in India. He concludes . 1st century) The terminus a quo cannot be stated with certainty.
There are many later variants of this, including the German Bauern- Praktik and the versions of Erra Pater published in 1. England, mocked in Samuel Butler's Hudibras. South and East Slavic versions are known as koliadniki (from koliada, a loan of Latin calendae), with Bulgarian copies dating from the 1. Serbian versions from the 1. This concerns primarily Friday, associated with the crucifixion of Jesus.
Sunday, sometimes personified as Saint Anastasia, was itself an object of worship in Russia, a practice denounced in a sermon extant in copies going back to the 1. In German, the phrase in acht Tagen (literally . This style of numbering is commonly used (for example, by schools and businesses) in some European and Asian countries, but rare elsewhere. ISO 8. 60. 1 includes the ISO week date system, a numbering system for weeks – each week begins on a Monday and is associated with the year that contains that week's Thursday (so that if a year starts in a long weekend Friday–Sunday, week number one of the year will start after that).
For example, week 1 of 2. W0. 1) ran from Monday, 2. December 2. 00. 3 to Sunday, 4 January 2. Thursday was 1 January 2. W0. 1) ran from Monday, 3 January 2. Sunday, 9 January 2. Thursday was 6 January 2.
Thursday of 2. 00. The highest week number in a year is either 5. Schematically, this ISO convention translates as follows: Dates in January. Effect. MTWTFSSWeek number. Week assigned to. New year. 12. 34.
New year. 12. 34. New year. 12. 34. New year. 12. 35. Previous year. 12. Previous year. 15. Previous year. In some countries, though, the numbering system is different from the ISO standard. At least six numberings are in use.
Traces of a nine- day week are found in Baltic languages and in Welsh. The ancient Chinese calendar had a ten- day week, as did the ancient Egyptian calendar (and, incidentally, the French Republican Calendar, dividing its 3. A six- day week is found in the Akan Calendar.
Several cultures used a five- day week, including the 1. Icelandic calendar, the Javanese calendar, and the traditional cycle of market days in Korea. Evidence of a . They also divided the solar year into 1.
Nemontemi, creating a . The Maya also divided the year, Haab', into 1. Uinal and five nameless days known as Wayeb'. The Balinese Pawukon is a 2. This plan kept a 7- day week while defining a year of 1. It was the official calendar of the Eastman Kodak Company for decades. There were 7. 2 weeks and an additional five national holidays inserted within three of them, totaling a year of 3.
Every sixth day (6th, 1. Gregorian Calendar was a state rest day.
The five additional national holidays in the earlier five- day week remained and did not fall on the state rest day. Ibm Spss Statistics 21 Multilingual Psychotherapy. But, as January, March, May, July, August, October and December have 3. This extra day was a working day for most or an extra holiday for others. Also as February is only 2. March was also made a state rest day, although not every enterprise conformed to this.
To clarify, the week after the state rest day, 2. February to 1 March, was only five or six days long, depending on whether it was a leap year or not. The week after that, 2 to 6 March, was only five days long. Urban & P. Seidelmann, eds. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, 3rd ed. Mill Valley, Calif.: University Science Books. This is equivalent to saying that JD0, i. Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise Vlk Keygen Idm.
January 4. 71. 3 BC of the proleptic Julian calendar, was a Monday.^E. Richards, Mapping Time, the Calendar and History, Oxford 1. Max Vasmer, Russisches etymologisches W. Fletcher (1. 99. 9).
The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 5. Mc. Kenna, Stephen (1. Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain Up to the Fall of the Visigothic Kingdom. Catholic University of America.
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